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The Tuskegee Airmanwill always be the most influential air squadron during WWII.I believe this because there where a lot racist people that did not want them to succeed, but they did more than just succeed.They became the first black Airforce pilots.It all started when President Roosevelt arranged a meeting in September 140 with three African-American leaders and members of the Army and Navy. During the meeting, the leaders emphasized three points first, equal opportunity for jobs in the defense industry, second, impartial administration of the new draftlaw, and finally an opportunity for qualified blacks to learn to fly in desegrated units. A few days after the meeting, the War Department issued a policy stating that black men would be generally admitted into the armed force in numbers equivalent to their percentage in the civilian population.It was not until a couple months after the meeting in December 140, that the Army Air Corps submitted a plan for the experiment to establish an all-black fighter squadron.
The plan was made official July 1, 141 when Major General Walter Weaver, commander of the U.S. Army's Southeastern Air Corps spoke at the Tuskegee Institute Campus. It was then that 1 black men became the first black pilot trainees. Most of the trainees were college graduates, including a policeman, an army officer, a factory inspector, and several young men who were fresh out of college.The men of this first squadron were so smart that they established a grade point average never equaled before or after their training.A few miles from the Tuskegee Campus, two air fields were built for the training of the new cadets.About six miles from the fields was the town of Tuskegee. It was very hostile toward blacks, especially its sheriff.The first trainer plane used by the squadron was the PT- 17.It was a biplane with unretractable landing gear. The instructor rode with the cadet during the first practice, whether the trainee knew how to fly or not.Before the cadets could earn their wings, they had to complete three phases of the training.These were the primary, basic and advanced courses.In the primary and basic, the cadets would have ground school classroom courses and flying lessons. In the advanced, the cadets would concentrate on military flying.On September , 141, Captain Benjamin O. Davis Jr. became the first black man to officially solo an aircraft as an officer of the Army Air Corps.Soon afterward the United States declared war on the Axis powers.It was not until July , 14 that the fourth class of the Tuskegee Institute graduated.The men of this class became the cadets that would fill the th squadron, which became the first black squadron of the Army Air Corps. Joining the pilots in the th were 14 other officers who provided support services and commanded the 5 enlisted men who serviced the planes.In nine months to a year, they had mastered skills the Air Force said should require at least five years.The th then perfected their skills in the P-40, the plane they would fly in combat.After receiving word from their officers, in October 14, the Inspector General of the Third Air Force said the th was in excellent condition and was ready for immediate departure.
Finally on April 1, 14, over a year after the graduation of the first class, word came "moving out."The next day the th climbed aboard a train that would take them to New York where they would board a troop ship.While being at their first camp in Oved, Nija they received their P-40l War Hawks and were joined by white pilots who did not care for the color of their skin. The first missions using these planes were destroying ground targets and escorting bombers.While escorting bombers, they were ordered never to pursue an enemy.But on June , 14, members of the th were escorting a group of 1 bombers. They were attacked by 4 German Me-10's.Eight of the members stayed and escorted the bombers home. The other 4 pursued the Germans and almost lost the th's status as a battle-ready fighter squadron.
The next year in the middle of January, the th moved to Capodichino Airfield, near Naples on the western coast of Italy.There the squadron supported the battle of Anzio.The th was then allowed to attack the Germans and made five kills.Then finally, the th got its action in the war.They arrived in Italy in early February of 144. Their first assignment was to patrol Italy's western coast.Then in late May, the th joined other fighter groups in General Eaker's 15th Air force at Ramitelli. It was not until June , 144, three days after D-day that the th got their first important mission. The mission was to escort B-17 and B-4 bombers to destroy factories in Munich, Germany.As they neared Munich, they were alerted that enemy planes were approaching the bombers from the rear. They were ordered to go get the enemies.They made five kills and had only one loss.The bombers accomplished their mission and told Colonel Davis when they got back to base that their formation flying and escort is the best they had ever seen.In that same month Lieutenant Gwynne Pierson and Captain Wendall Pruitt received the Distinguished Flying Cross for their never before seen kills.They sank two enemy destroyers with only bullets.Some people did not believe them but when the photos from the wing cameras were developed, they had no reason not to believe the two pilots.
The Allies were about to begin a new offensive in southern France, and planned to invade the region on August 15. Now that the war had moved north, the Allies needed southern French ports as entry points for troops and supplies. Assisting in the effort to reduce resistance to Allied invaders, the th escorted bombers sent to attack submarine docks, bridges, airfields, and radar stations.After a few months of duty they were honored in a full dress ceremony with the 15th Air Force band and troops passing in the review, four pilots were presented with the Distinguished Flying Cross. General Davis pinned the medal on his son, honored for his leadership of one of the first bomber escort missions to Munich, during which five enemy planes were shot down.During most of January 145, the thwas kept in by the rain and the snow.The Squadron only flew 11 missions. The weather improved in February which led them tomissions.As the pilots flew around Germany, all they saw was smoke coming from the piles of debris.
But it was not until 148 that President Harry S. Truman issued an executive order. This order eventually ended segregation in the US military.The Tuskegee Airman were and always will be the most influential fighter unit during WWII.They went through much opposition and many ignorant minds to prove that they were just as good if not better then any other fighter unit during the second world war.
Bibliography Bilbiography #1.Mckissack, Patricia and Fredrick Red Tail Angles United StatesWalker Publishing Company, 15. #.Harris, Jacqueline The Tuskegee Airman New Jersey Dillon Press,16. #.Hart Philip S. Fly Free Minneapolis,Minnesota Lerner Publications Company,1. #4.Rose Robert A. Lonely Eagles Los Angelos,CA Tuskegee Airman Inc. #5. "Tuskegee AirmanA Brief History" Tuskegee Airman November 6,1
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