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Throughout history men have sought the difficult task of proving God's existence, or the lack thereof. Two of these men, St. Thomas Aquinas and St. Anselm, have provided us with their own explanations for the existence of God. St. Thomas Aquinas, in his Summa Theologia, presents a compelling case through five logical proofs of how one can conclude that God exists. While St. Anselm's Proslogion also offers an attempt to prove God's existence, its case is a much less compelling one. In order to understand why Aquinas' piece succeeds so well in its argument, one must first understand how Anselm's work falls short.
In St. Anselm's Proslogion, Anselm attempts to prove God's existence through an ontological proof; essentially, Anselm attempts to prove God's existence by arguing that it is impossible for one to negate the statement, "God exists" without contradiction. Anselm does this in a three-step process. First, Anselm defines God as the being than which nothing greater can be achieved. Second, Anselm makes the distinction between two types of things that exist in the world things either exist mentally or extra-mentally (things that actually exist in reality). Finally, Anselm concludes that, "God exists".
Supporters of this argument would claim that if God only existed in the mind, then God is not the highest conceivable entity because existence is a necessary part of the definition. While Anselm's proof may hold true, it only works with his working definition of God. In addition, while it makes it impossible to negate the phrase, "God exists", it by no means would lead one to the conclusion that God does in fact exist. This theory's main problem lies in its abstractness. In reality, if one were trying to prove the existence of God to an atheist, Anselm's proof would cause more controversy than evidence. In addition, Anselm's definition of God itself leads one to confusion. If God is the being than which nothing greater can be conceived, is God the greatest human, is God a physical power, or is God a force of nature? Again, while Anselm's proof holds true on its own terms, it provides an ineffective way of proving God's existence. The fact that Anselm first defines God almost weakens his whole argument; anyone can make a proof about something if they first define their terms. Furthermore, Anselm would most likely argue that God is limitless and infinite. However, if God is limitless and infinite, how can one define God within the limits and boundaries of a definition? While this proof works in the way in which it was designed, it does not convince me that God exists.
In contrast, St. Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologia provides a much more compelling case for God's existence. The first three proofs of Aquinas' theory are his cosmological proofs. Aquinas' first proof is that things are put into motion in the world, meaning that there has to be some unmoved mover who causes all the motion to commence. Second, Aquinas reasons that things in the world are contingent, meaning that one thing depends on another thing for existence. Logically, Aquinas' third proof states that something had to exist in the beginning which caused everything else in the world to exist- a necessary starter. Fourth, we have to have some standard in our mind to judge things, and there has to be something at the top which is perfect. This proof, that everything in the world is inherently flawed because it lacks perfection, would be classified as a proof by degrees. Finally, Aquinas' teleological proof states that inorganic things often act purposefully. For example, a baseball gets its direction from the player throwing it or the bat hitting it. There has to be someone or thing directing everything in the world, and who put the world together with some sense of purpose God.Write my Essay on Theology for me
While many would argue that logic and reasoning will not lead to proving God's existence, I disagree. Yes, a belief in God is based largely on faith not reason. However, for a human to come to terms with the possibility of God existing, some reason is absolutely necessary in the beginning. A human cannot automatically already believe in God without doing some reasoning in his mind as to why God should exist. Aquinas captures the easiest and most logical way to explain to an atheist that God does exist. A condensed version of Aquinas' proofs would state that things exist in the world, and we know that existence does not occur on its own. Thus, no matter how the world came into existence, whether through the "Big Bang" theory or some other miraculous occurrence, some force had to already exist to create everything, the necessary starter that Aquinas refers to. By creating such a logical proof, Aquinas makes it very difficult for a skeptic to dispute God's existence. In fact, very little of Aquinas' proofs could be disputed because all of them use actual human experiences which are not debatable.
While Anselm's theory restricts one from denying God's existence altogether, it by no means would enforce the belief that, "God exists". In addition, it restricts itself by defining definitions and by using a somewhat convoluted form of logic. It would take the average person, in this case me, a long time to make the conclusion that, "God exists", at least in my terms and understanding of God. In contrast however, if I were skeptical of God's existence, Aquinas' theory would be hard to dispute with. One cannot dispute the idea that all things in motion are put in motion, at least not from human experience. Because human experience is the only basis we have for proving God's existence, Aquinas' usage of human experience for his proofs is the most effective way to prove that God exists. For example, I know that the only way my computer will turn on is if someone physically turns it on. By logic, I must conclude that the only way the earth was formed is if someone caused its formation. This in and of itself is evidence that some Force or Being, God, must exist.
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